Tesco

Tesco is the UK's largest retailer, and operates in 12 countries around the world. While predominantly involved in the retail sector, Tesco has also branched out into increasingly unrelated areas, such as home mortgages, various forms of insurance, and even internet and telephony services. Tesco has come under attack in recent years, with other big box retailers, for discouraging local shops, promoting a homogenised culture, manipulating food supplier chains, and paying relatively low wages.

Company History
Jack Cohen founded Tesco in 1919, when he started selling surplus groceries from a stall in London's East End. He opened his first store in 1929, incorporated Tesco Stores Limited in 1932, and floated the company on the stock exchange in 1947. The company opened stores across England during the 1960s and expanded into gas/petrol stations in the 1970s. The next two decades saw store-openings in the rest of Europe and in parts of Asia (Taiwan and Thailand in 1998, South Korea in 1999). Tesco also expands its product range into personal finance, mobile phones, books, and other non-food items. Since 2000, the company has introduced organic and fairtrade foods, launched its own clothing brands, and considered opening non-food stores. In 2006, Tesco announced plans to enter the U.S. market. 

Historical Financial Information
Five year summary

Business Strategy
"Tesco has a long term strategy for growth, based on four key parts: growth in the Core UK, to expand by growing internationally, to be as strong in non-food as in food and to follow customers into new retailing services." 
 * "The UK is our biggest market and the core of our business. We aim to provide all our customers with excellent value and choice"
 * "Tesco is an international retailer. Wherever we operate we focus on giving local customers what they want"
 * "We want to be as successful at selling non-food products like clothes, books, DVD and CD's as we are in food"
 * "As customer lifestyles change we meet their needs by providing new products and services."

Political and Public Influence
Paragraph information

Corporate Accountability
Tesco corporate responsiblity review 2007

Domestic
2005 – Tesco announces it will be appointing a Code Compliance Officer and invites its UK suppliers to provide anonymous feedback on working with Tesco

Strike Action

 * Alistair Tice, "Tesco drivers fight on", The Socialist, 13 November 2013. (Stobart Group)

Global
Policy: Campaigns against company:
 * 1998: Tesco become a founding member of the Ethical Trading Initiative (ETI) (Tesco code of conduct and Auditing practices)
 * 2001: developed a new course for our buyers and technical managers to raise their awareness of the Ethical Trading Initiative (ETI), ethical issues, and worker welfare in the supply chain. This was the first course of its kind in the industry and has now been rolled out to our commercial teams. We will continue to train all new commercial buyers and technical managers in this way.
 * 2004: participated in the founding of Sedex (Supplier Ethical Data Exchange; https://www.sedex.org.uk)
 * 2007: Tesco joins with Wal-Mart, Carrefour, and Metro "to promote uniform and acceptable working conditions for their offshore supply base. The move comes three months after Tesco, despite apparently strong existing standards, received negative publicity after a national U.K. news report showed filmed footage of underage workers in two apparel supplier factories in Bangladesh."
 * 2008: Tesco announces it will avoid cotton from Uzbekistan because of the continued use of forced child labor in that country
 * 2006: South African fruit picker Gertruida Baartman spoke at annual meeting to protest low pay and poor working conditions. Tesco chairman David Reid assured Ms. Baartman that she would not be targeted for speaking openly and that the company would improve social & environmental auditing in South Africa. She was then fired and faced personal repercussions for her openness.  After intevention by Women on Farms she was reinstated.
 * 2006: BBC broadcasts War on Want's finding on wages in the Bangladeshi clothing factories producing for Tesco, Primark, and Asda
 * 2006: Channel 4 News broadcasts footage of child workers producing Tesco's private label clothing in Bangladesh . Tesco's follow-up investigation claims that it found no evidence of underage workers.

Major reports:
 * Labour Behind the Label. Oct. 2006. Who Pays for Cheap Clothes? Five Questions Low-Cost Retailers Must Answer.

Human Rights
Tesco Human Rights Policy]

Environment
Climate change: Resource use: Emissions: Recycling:
 * "We also use a 50:50 biodiesel mix in our own vehicles - the highest percentage blend used by any major distribution fleet.  We have  a 25% stake in biofuel supplier Greenergy, which has opened the UK's largest single-line biodiesel plant, on the Humber estuary, with an annual production capacity of 100,000 tonnes.   Greenergy buys rapeseed for conversion to biodiesel from around 1,500 farmers contracted through Grainfarmers, a large agricultural co-operative in the UK."
 * "Last year, we began offering Clubcard points to people for reusing carrier bags, and our customers have responded by taking over 400 million fewer free plastic bags by the end of April 2007."
 * "we have put an aeroplane symbol on all air-freighted products because this method of transport results in far higher carbon emissions than any other.  We will also restrict air freight to no more than 1% of our imports with a bias in favour of sourcing from developing countries."
 * "We aim to halve energy use by 2010 against a baseline of 2000"
 * "In 2006/07, we established a £100 million fund which will enable us to develop wind turbines, solar panels, gasification, trigeneration and combined heat and power"
 * "Tesco has phased out the use of all CFCs in our UK stores and is in the process of replacing HCFCs with HFCs in advance of European Union requirements."
 * "We have achieved our target to reduce water consumption by 7.6% per m2 of sales space."
 * " Over the next five years we will reduce by 50% the CO2 emitted per case of goods delivered."
 * "Across the UK, Tesco accounts for 13% of all material collected for recycling by local authorities, through recycling facilities at 450 Tesco superstores."

The Obesity Epidemic

 * In a bid to defuse controversy over the role of food retailers in the growing obesity epidemic, In December 2005 PR Week reported that, through its PR firm The Media Foundry (TMF), Tesco would "promote a new national football initiative that encourages UK children to be more active."
 * "TMF is handling local press photocalls to promote regional games, while encouraging store managers to get involved in media relations around the initiative. TMF head of consumer Simon Crellin leads the account. Other Tesco programmes to encourage children to be more healthy include its 'Great School Run' initiative," PR Week reported.

Business Scope
Lines of Business and Major Products Paragraph Units/Subsidiaries

Suppliers
Buying offices in Europe and South Asia, Asian sourcing hub in Hong Kong.

Identified suppliers:
 * apparel:
 * World Knits Ltd., Mauritius
 * Sinotex Mauritius Ltd. (owned by Crystal Group, Mauritius

The Group maintains a GBP 1.6bn committed facility with 13 banks which matures in 2014.:
 * 1) BNP Paribas
 * 2) Citibank, N.A. London Branch
 * 3) Deutsche Bank AG, London Branch
 * 4) HSBC Bank plc
 * 5) Royal Bank of Scotland plc
 * 6) Barclays Bank plc
 * 7) ING Bank N.V., London Branch
 * 8) JP Morgan Chase Bank, N.A.
 * 9) Lloyds TSB Bank plc
 * 10) Standard Chartered Bank
 * 11) Bank of tokyo -Mitsubishi UFJ, Ltd.
 * 12) UBS AG, London Branch
 * 13) Williams Street Commitment Corporation

Financial Information (as of DATE)
Ticker Symbol: TSCO.L Main Exchanges:  London Stock Exchange Investor Website: http://www.tescocorporate.com/investor_centre.htm

List of largest shareholders

 * FMR Corp and Fidelity Int. Ltd.: 5.85%
 * Barclays: 4.81%
 * Legal & General Group PLC: 4.11%

Largest Shareholders

Countries of operation
Stores in UK, Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Rep. of Ireland, Slovakia, Turkey, China, Japan, Malaysia, South Korea, Thailand. 

Board
Accessed June 2012:


 * Sir Richard Broadbent - Non-executive Chairman
 * Philip Clarke - Group Chief Executive
 * Tim Mason - Deputy Group CEO and CMO and CEO Fresh & Easy
 * Andrew Higginson - CEO – Retail Services
 * Laurie McIlwee - Chief Financial Officer
 * Lucy Neville-Rolfe - Executive Director - Corporate & Legal Affairs
 * Patrick Cescau - Senior Independent Director
 * Gareth Bullock - Non-executive Director
 * Stuart Chambers - Non-executive Director
 * Karen Cook - Non-executive Director
 * Ken Hanna - Non-executive Director
 * Ken Hydon - Non-executive Director
 * Deanna Oppenheimer - Non-executive Director
 * Jacqueline Tammenoms Bakker - Non-executive Director
 * Jonathan Lloyd - Company Secretary

Former Executives

 * Sir Terry Leahy, CEO
 * David Reid, 	Non-executive Chairman
 * Rodney Chase CBE, 	Deputy Chairman and Senior Non-executive
 * Richard Brasher, 	Commercial and Marketing Director
 * Philip Clarke, 	International and IT Director
 * Andrew Higginson, 	Finance and Strategy Director
 * Tim Mason, 	President and Chief Executive Officer Fresh and Easy Neighbourhood Market
 * Lucy Neville-Rolfe CMG, 	Corporate and Legal Affairs Director

Former Board members & affiliations

 * 1) David Reid, non-executive chairman (director of Reed Elselvier Group PLC, chairman of Kwik-Fit Group)
 * 2) Rodney Chase, deputy chairman & senior independent non-executive director (chairman of Petrofac Limited, Computer Sciences Corporation, Nalco Company, Tesoro Corporation; senior advisor to Lehman Brothers)
 * 3) Lucy Neville-Rolfe, Corporate and legal affairs director
 * 4) Harald Einsmann (boardmember Carlson Group of Companies, Checkpoint Systems Inc., Stora Enso Oy, Rezidor AB
 * 5) Terry Leahy, CEO
 * 6) Richard Brasher, Commercial and trading director
 * 7) Philip Clarke, International and IT Director (director of Whitbread PLC)
 * 8) Andrew Higginson, Finance and strategy director (director of BSkyB PLC)
 * 9) Tim Mason, President & CEO of Fresh & Easy Neighborhood Market
 * 10) David Potts, Retail & logistics director
 * 11) Charles L. Allen (former CEO of ITV PLC)
 * 12) Karen Cook (managing director of Goldman SachsInternational, president of Goldman Sachs, Europe)
 * 13) E. Mervyn Davies (chairman of Standard Chartered PLC
 * 14) Ken Hydon (director Reckitt Benckiser PLC, Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust, Pearson PLC)
 * 15) Carolyn McCall (CEO of Guarding Media Group PLC)
 * 16) Jonathan Lloyd, Company Secretary
 * Michael Wemms

Date & venue of next AGM
June 2008

Contact Information
Tesco PLC New Tesco House Delamare Road P.O. Box 18 Cheshunt Hertfordshire England EN8 9SL Phone: +44 (0)1992 632222 Web Corporate: http://www.tescocorporate.com/ Web General:http://www.tesco.com/

Books on the Company
Humbly, Clyde, Terry Hunt & Tim Phillips. 2007. Scoring Points: How Tesco Continues to Win Customer Loyalty. London: Kogan Page. Corina, Maurice. 1971. Pile it high, sell it cheap: The authorised biography of Sir John Cohen, founder of Tesco. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson.

Related SourceWatch Articles

 * Obesity PR
 * Lord Davies of Abersoch - former board member
 * Colin Holmes
 * Christine Cross - former board member
 * Eamonn O'Hare
 * Nick Mourant - former group treasurer
 * John Gildersleeve
 * Philip Clarke - CEO
 * Gordon Fryett - CEO of Tesco Europe
 * James McCann
 * Fabiola Arredondo
 * John Browett
 * Clare Chapman
 * Lesley James
 * Tesco Underwriting

External Resources

 * "Tesco in youth soccer initiative", PR Week, December 1, 2005. (sub req'd)
 * "MisFortune 500 Company Profile: Tesco"
 * John Gill, "Sacked Tesco drivers on the march again", Socialist Party, May 20, 2013.