Peter S. Kraus

Biographical Information
"Peter S. Kraus was elected Chairman of the Board of the General Partner and Chief Executive Officer of the General Partner, AllianceBernstein and Holding, in December 2008. Kraus has in-depth experience in the financial markets, including investment banking, asset-management and private-wealth management. He served as an executive vice president, the head of global strategy and a member of the Management Committee of Merrill Lynch & Company Inc. (“Merrill Lynch”) from September 2008 through December 2008. Kraus spent 22 years with Goldman Sachs Group Inc. (“Goldman”), where he most recently served as co-head of the Investment Management Division and a member of the Management Committee, as well as head of firmwide strategy and chairman of the Strategy Committee. Kraus also served as co-head of the Financial Institutions Group. He was named a partner at Goldman in 1994 and managing director in 1996. In April 2010, Kraus was appointed a member of the Management Committee of AXA, which was formed by Henri de Castries, AXA’s Chairman and CEO, in April 2010 to assist him with the operational management of AXA. Kraus was named a director of AXA Financial, Inc. (a wholly owned subsidiary of AXA, “AXA Financial”), AXA Equitable Life Insurance Company, MONY Life Insurance Company (a wholly owned subsidiary of AXA Financial, “MONY”) and MONY Life Insurance Company of America (a wholly owned subsidiary of MONY, “MLOA”) in February 2009. He is not compensated for serving in these roles for AXA and its subsidiaries. Kraus is also Chairman of the Investment Committee of Trinity College, Chair of the Board of Overseers of CalArts, Co-Chair of the Friends of Carnegie International, a member of the Board of Directors of Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts and the Chairman of Lincoln Center’s Art Committee, a member of the Board of Keewaydin Foundation, and a member of the National Board of Young Audiences, Inc., a nonprofit organization that works with educational systems, the arts community and private and public sectors to provide arts education to children. Kraus earned an MBA from New York University and a BA from Trinity College."