Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research

The Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR), "established in 1971, is a strategic partnership of countries, international and regional organizations and private foundations supporting the work of 15 international Centers. In collaboration with national agricultural research systems, civil society and the private sector, the CGIAR fosters sustainable agricultural growth through high-quality science aimed at benefiting the poor through stronger food security, better human nutrition and health, higher incomes and improved management of natural resources."

History
CGIAR History:
 * 1969: The Rockefeller and Ford Foundations meet with UNDP, the World Bank, and FAO, the leaders of the major donor agencies at the Rockefeller Foundation’s Bellagio Conference Center.
 * 1971: CGIAR is launched at the World Bank with the sponsorship of UNDP, FAO, the World Bank, and an initial group of just over twenty donors. It has four centers (IRRI, CIMMYT, CIAT, and IITA) "with annual financial requirements of around $10 million" Richard H. Demuth is chairman.
 * 1972: ICRISAT joins CGIAR. That year, 16 donors contribute $21 million and there are five centers.
 * 1973: CIP and ILRAD (now ILRI) join CGIAR. There are now seven centers.
 * 1974: ILCA (now ILRI) and IPGRI join CGIAR. Warren C. Baum becomes chairman, replacing Richard H. Demuth. There are now 20 donors providing $35 million to nine centers.
 * 1975: WARDA (now the Africa Rice Center) and the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) join CGIAR. There are now 11 centers.
 * 1979: IFPRI joins CGIAR. There are now 12 centers.
 * 1980: ISNAR (now IFPRI) joins CGIAR. There are now 13 centers.
 * 1983: Warren C. Baum steps down as chairman. At this time, there are 35 donors contributing $165 million. During the period until this point, USAID contributed 25 percent of CGIAR's budget and the World Bank contributed 10 percent at first and later 15 percent.
 * 1984: S. Shahid Husain becomes chairman.
 * 1987: W. David Hopper becomes chairman, replacing S. Shahid Husain.
 * 1990: W. David Hopper is replaced by Wilfried P. Thalwitz as chairman.
 * 1991: V. Rajagopalan replaces Wilfried P. Thalwitz as chairman. ICRAF and IIMI join CGIAR. There are now 15 centers.
 * 1992: The International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management (now the WorldFish Center) and INIBAP (now Bioversity International) join CGIAR. There are now 17 centers.
 * 1993: The Centre for International Forestry (CIFOR) joins CGIAR. V. Rajagopalan leaves as chairman. There are now 18 centers.
 * 1994: Ismail Serageldin becomes chairman. ILCA and ILRAD merged and became the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI). INIBAP became a program of the International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI). There are now 16 centers.
 * 2000: Ismail Serageldin is replaced by Ian Johnson (COR) as chairman.
 * 2004 : ISNAR dissolved and main programs moved to IFPRI. There are now 15 centers.
 * 2006 : Katherine Sierra becomes chairwoman, replacing Ian Johnson. IPGRI changes name to Bioversity International.
 * 2009: Katherine Sierra steps down as chair. CGIAR restructures its organization.

Funding
Much of CGIAR's funding comes from its members. For example, in 2009, members contributed $481 out of the total $629 million in revenues that year. Another $125 million came from non-members and "the remaining $23 million from Center-earned income." "CGIAR Members have the option to disburse their funding either directly to the Centers or through the Secretariat using the Multi-Donor Trust Fund administered by the World Bank." In 2009, the average member contribution was $8 million.

Top 2009 Funders of CGIAR gave as follows:
 * 1. The United States of America: $78.9 million
 * 2. World Bank: $50 million
 * 3. Canada: $42.4 million
 * 4. United Kingdom: $41.6 million
 * 5. The European Commission: $40.7 million
 * 6. Germany: $23.8 million
 * 7. Switzerland: $19.7 million
 * 8. Japan: $16.1 million
 * 9. Norway: $15.5 million
 * 10. Sweden: $15 million
 * 11. Netherlands: $14.5 million
 * 12. Australia: 13.1 million
 * 13. Belgium: $10.6 million
 * 14. Ireland: $9.7 million
 * 15. International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD): $9.1 million

Non-country Members and their contributions in 2009 include:
 * Ford Foundation: $0.5 million
 * IDRC: $3.6 million
 * Kellogg Foundation: $0.3 million
 * Rockefeller Foundation: $2 million
 * Syngenta Foundation: $2.1 million
 * Asian Development Bank: $3.1 million
 * African Development Bank: $0.7 million
 * Arab Fund: $1.3 million
 * FAO: $5.5 million
 * Gulf Cooperation Council: $0.7 million
 * Inter-American Development Bank: $1.5 million
 * International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD): $9.1 million
 * Fund of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC Fund): $0.5 million
 * United Nations Development Programme (UNDP): $2.4 million
 * United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP): $4.7 million
 * World Bank: $50 million

Additionally, in 2009, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, gave $61 million dollars.

People

 * Katherine Sierra - Chair
 * Ren Wang - CGIAR Director

Leadership
Jonathan Wadsworth is the Executive Secretary of the CGIAR Fund Council and Head of the Fund Office.

Fund Council

 * "With the creation of the new CGIAR business model in 2010, Members became Fund donors, who participate in the biennial Funders Forum. Between forums, the Fund Council — which comprises eight representatives of donor countries, eight representatives of developing countries and regional organizations, and six representatives of multilateral and global organizations and foundations — meets face to face at least twice a year to make decisions on behalf of all Fund donors, who may participate in meetings as observers."

The Fund Council as of September 21, 2011 consists of:
 * Chair: Inger Andersen
 * Executive Secretary: Jonathan Wadsworth

Representatives From Donor countries:
 * Jean-Louis Chomel, European Commission
 * Carmen Thoennissen, Switzerland
 * Philip Chiverton, Sweden
 * Alan Tollervey, United Kingdom
 * Catherine Coleman, Canada
 * Robert Bertram, USA
 * Kenichiro Tanaka, Japan
 * Nick Austin, Australia

Representatives From Developing countries and regional organizations:
 * Romano Kiome, Kenya
 * B.Y. Abubakar, Nigeria
 * Anping Ye, China
 * S. Ayyappan, India
 * Raghunath Ghodake, Papua New Guinea
 * Adel El-Beltagy, Egypt
 * Luciano Nass, Brazil
 * Ahmed Nasser Al- Bakri, Association of Agricultural Research Institutions in the Near East and North Africa (AARINENA)

Multilateral and global organizations and foundations:
 * Juergen Voegele, World Bank
 * Rodney Cooke, International Fund for Agricultural Development
 * Xianguin Yao, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

Foundations:
 * Prabhu Pingali, Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
 * Jean Lebel, International Development Research Centre
 * Monty Jones, Global Forum on Agricultural Research

Independent Science and Partnership Council (ISPC)
The Independent Science and Partnership Council (ISPC} is "a standing panel of world-class scientific experts appointed by the CGIAR Fund Council." As of January 2011, the ISPC consists of:


 * Kenneth Cassman, ISPC Chair
 * Vibha Dhawan
 * Margaret Gill
 * Rashid Hassan
 * Marcio de Miranda Santos
 * Jeffrey Sayer
 * Derek Byerlee, Chair of the ISPC's Standing Panel on Impact Assessment (until end of 2011)

"The ISPC Secretariat, based at FAO in Rome, provides technical and administrative support to the ISPC, implementing its decisions and following up with all related technical activities."

Secretariat staff includes:
 * Peter Gardiner, Executive Director
 * Sirkka Immonen, Senior Agricultural Research Officer
 * Timothy Kelley, Senior Agricultural Research Officer
 * Christine Deane, Senior Agricultural Research Officer
 * James Stevenson, Agricultural Research Officer
 * Serena Fortuna, Consultant
 * Muriel Pougheon, Administrative Coordinator
 * Anastasia Saltas, Administrative and Publications Assistant
 * AnnaMaria Ventresca, Travel Assistant

Research Centers
Source
 * Africa Rice Center (WARDA)
 * Bioversity International
 * CIAT - Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical
 * CIFOR - Centre for International Forestry
 * CIMMYT - Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maiz y Trigo
 * CIP - Centro Internacional de la Papa
 * ICARDA - International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas
 * ICRISAT - International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics
 * IFPRI - International Food Policy Research Institute
 * IITA - International Institute of Tropical Agriculture
 * ILRI - International Livestock Research Institute
 * IRRI - International Rice Research Institute
 * IWMI - International Water Management Institute
 * World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF)
 * WorldFish Center

Members
Countries (see web) Foundations
 * Ford Foundation
 * Kellogg Foundation
 * Rockefeller Foundation
 * Syngenta Foundation for Sustainable Agriculture

International and Regional Organizations
 * African Development Bank
 * Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development
 * Asian Development Bank
 * European Commission
 * Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
 * Gulf Cooperation Council
 * Inter-American Development Bank
 * International Development Research Centre
 * International Fund for Agricultural Development
 * Opec Fund for International Development
 * United Nations Development Programme
 * United Nations Environment Programme
 * World Bank

Contact

 * Web: http://www.cgiar.org

Related Sourcewatch articles

 * Alliance of Communicators for Sustainable Development
 * Monty Jones
 * International Food Policy Research Institute
 * Africa Rice Center
 * Global Crop Diversity Trust
 * Mangala Rai
 * Ismail Serageldin - former chair
 * Teresa Fogelberg

External Resources

 * Henk Hobbelink, “Biodiversity at Rio: Conservation or access?,” Capitalism Nature Socialism, 3 (4), 1992.
 * Michael Barker, "Bill Gates Engineers Another Green Revolution (Part 3 of 3)", Znet, August 8, 2008.
 * Jude L. Fernando, “Culture in Agriculture vs. Capital in Agriculture: CGIAR’s Challenges to Social Scientists in Culture”, Culture in Agriculture, Vol. 29, No. 1 (2007).