Genetically Engineered Corn

Genetically Engineered Corn (GE Corn) is corn that has had its DNA modified through the process of genetic engineering. Varieties of GE corn that contain more than one trait are referred to as "stacked." Most GE corn falls into one of two categories:
 * Herbicide Tolerant Corn
 * Bt Corn

Other varieties include:
 * Plant Genetic Systems: Male Sterile (Terminator) Corn (Event MS3), deregulated in the U.S. in February 1996 but never sold commercially
 * Pioneer Hi-Bred: Male Sterile (Terminator) Glufosinate Tolerant Corn (676, 678, 680), deregulated in the U.S. in May 1998 but never sold commercially
 * AgrEvo (Bayer CropScience): Male Sterile (Terminator) Glufosinate Tolerant Corn (MS6), deregulated in the U.S. in March 1999 but never sold commercially
 * Monsanto: High Lysine Corn (LY038), deregulated in the U.S. in February 2006
 * Syngenta: Thermostable Alpha-Amylase Corn (3272), deregulated in the U.S. in February 2011
 * Monsanto: Drought Tolerant Corn (MON 87460), deregulated in the U.S. in May 2011
 * Pioneer Hi-Bred: Male Sterile/Female Inbred Corn (DP-32138-1), deregulated in the U.S. in June 2011

Brands and Manufacturers
Monsanto: Corn:
 * Roundup Ready® Corn GA21
 * Roundup Ready® 2 Corn NK603
 * YieldGard® Corn MON 810
 * YieldGard Rootworm® Corn MON 863
 * YieldGard VT Rootworm/RR2 MON 88017
 * Genuity® VT Double Pro ® MON 89034
 * Genuity® SmartStax® (MON 89034, MON88017, DAS-59122-7, and TC1507)
 * Genuity® VT-Double Pro® Roundup Ready 2 (NK603 and MON 89034)
 * Genuity® VT-Triple ™ 	(MON 810, MON88017)
 * Genuity® VT-Triple Pro™ (MON 89034 and MON88017)
 * Seminis Performance Series Sweet Corn (MON 89034 and MON88017)
 * YieldGard Corn Borer with Roundup Ready 2® (MON 810 and NK603)

Dow AgroSciences and Pioneer Hi-Bred:
 * Herculex I (TC1507)
 * Herculex® I Roundup Ready® Corn 2 (TC1507 and NK603)
 * Herculex® RW (DAS59122-7)
 * Herculex® RW Roundup Ready® Corn 2 (DAS 59122-7 and NK603)
 * Herculex® Xtra (TC1507 and DAS59122-7)
 * Herculex® Xtra Roundup® Corn 2 (TC1507, DAS 59122-7, and NK603)
 * SmartStax™ (MON 88017, MON 89034, TC1507, and DAS59122-7)

Pioneer Hi-Bred (DuPont):
 * Optimum® AcreMax® RW Rootworm Protection (DAS 59122-7 and NK603)
 * Optimum® AcreMax® Insect Protection (YieldGard Corn Borer, TC1507, and NK603)
 * Optimum® AcreMax® Xtra Insect Protection (YieldGard Corn Borer, TC1507, DAS59122-7, and NK603)

Syngenta:
 * Agrisure® CB/LL (Bt11)
 * Agrisure Viptera 3110 (MIR162 and Bt11)
 * Agrisure Viptera 3111 (MIR162 and Bt11)
 * Agrisure® RW (MIR604)
 * Agrisure® GT (SYTGA21)
 * Agrisure GT/CB/LL (SYTGA21 and Bt11)
 * GT/RW (MIR604 and SYTGA21)
 * Agrisure® CB/LL/RW (Bt11)
 * Agrisure® 3000GT (SYTGA21, MIR604, and Bt11)

Adoption Rates in the U.S.
Following the introduction of GE corn, its adoption by U.S. farmers grew. The USDA offers data on the percent of corn in the U.S. that is genetically engineered (either Bt or herbicide tolerant varieties between 2000 and 2012:
 * 2000: 25%
 * 2001: 26%
 * 2002: 34%
 * 2003: 40%
 * 2004: 47%
 * 2005: 52%
 * 2006: 61%
 * 2007: 73%
 * 2008: 80%
 * 2009: 85%
 * 2010: 86%
 * 2011: 88%
 * 2012: 88%

Related SourceWatch articles

 * Biotechnology
 * Glyphosate
 * GMO Policies by Country
 * Herbicide Tolerant Crops
 * Bt
 * Bt Corn
 * Herbicide Tolerant Corn
 * Roundup Ready Corn
 * Genetically Modified Organisms
 * Monsanto
 * Bayer CropScience
 * Syngenta
 * DuPont
 * Pioneer Hi-Bred

External resources

 * GM Crop Database, Center for Environmental Risk Assessment
 * Overview of GMO Events Commercially Available and Regulatory Status
 * Novel Food Decisions - Approved Products, Health Canada.
 * Charles Benbrook, "Impacts of Genetically Engineered Crops on Pesticide Use: The First Thirteen Years" and Supplemental Tables, The Organic Center, 2009.
 * "Failure to Yield: Evaluating the Performance of Genetically Engineered Crops," Union of Concerned Scientists, 2009.

External articles

 * Lucy Sharratt, "GM SmartStax corn risks exposed," Common Ground, August 2011.
 * Dennis Odunga, "Hunger crisis rekindles debate over GM maize," Daily Nation, July 2, 2011.
 * "Mutant Maize Sparks Kenyan Mutiny," International Business Times, July 1, 2011.
 * George Omondi, "Maize shortage plays into hands of genetically modified food advocates," Business Daily, June 27, 2011.
 * Ashfak Bokhari, "Field trials of genetically modified corn (Pakistan)," InpaperMagazine, June 20, 2011.
 * "Foreign company speaks on GM corn field trials," The News (Pakistan), June 16, 2011.
 * Andy Bloxham, Toxic pesticides from GM food crops found in unborn babies, The Telegraph, May 20, 2011.
 * William Neuman and Andrew Pollack, "Farmers Cope With Roundup-Resistant Weeds," New York Times, May 3, 2010.
 * Is there more to the story on GMOs?, Howard Vlieger, Farm and Ranch Freedom Alliance.