George C. Marshall Institute

Not to be confused with the George C. Marshall Foundation

The George C. Marshall Institute (GMI) is a "non-profit" organization funded by the profits from oil and gas interests and right-wing funders (listed later). It has received substantial funding from Exxon's Exxon Education Foundation.

Its nominal creators, aside from Exxon-related entities and others, were William Nierenberg, Frederick Seitz and Robert Jastrow This industry and right-wing front group has described its role as encouraging "the use of sound science in making public policy about important issues for which science and technology are major considerations." The institute makes claims about "national security and the environment", generally to the detriment of the latter.

The institute purports to investigate what it calls "facts" about global climate change, which is largely attributed by others to the burning of fossil fuels. The institute also focuses its resources on making claims about the effect of the Kyoto Protocol upon "national security."

Evidence the institute distorted facts in pursuit of its ideological agenda
In a 2009 essay, former Marshall Institute Executive Director Matthew B. Crawford, wrote that after he commenced with the group in September 2001"'...certain perversities became apparent as I settled into the job. It sometimes required me to reason backward, from desired conclusion to suitable premise. The organization had taken certain positions, and there were some facts it was more fond of than others. As its figurehead, I was making arguments I didn't fully buy myself. Further, my boss seemed intent on retraining me according to a certain cognitive style — that of the corporate world, from which he had recently come. This style demanded that I project an image of rationality but not indulge too much in actual reasoning.'"

Board of Directors
As of December 2009, the Board consisted of:


 * William Happer, Chairman of the Board of Directors; also Eugene Higgens Professor of Physics, Princeton University
 * William O'Keefe, CEO (GMI); President, Solutions Consulting, Inc., via which he is paid . Formerly COO of the American Petroleum Institute and chairman of the Global Climate Coalition, and a registered lobbyist for ExxonMobil.
 * Gregory Canavan, Scientific Advisor, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory
 * John H. Moore, President, Grove City College
 * Rodney W. Nichols, Consultant on Science and Technology Policy
 * Milan (Mitch) Nikolich, Executive Associate of CACI
 * Dr. Roy Spencer, Principal Research Scientist, University of Alabama at Huntsville

The Institute's 990 Tax Filings for 2008 (filed October 15th 2009) list two other members of the board.
 * Jeffrey Kueter, Treasurer
 * Robert Butterworth, Director

Former Board members

 * Thomas L. Clancy, Jr., fiction author
 * Robert L. Sproull, Emeritus Professor of Physics, University of Rochester
 * Frederick Seitz, Chairman Emeritus (GMI); President Emeritus of Rockefeller University
 * Robert Jastrow, Chairman of the Board of Directors
 * Bruce N. Ames, Professor of Biochemistry, University of California, Berkeley
 * Sallie L. Baliunas, Astrophysicist
 * Willis M. Hawkins, Senior Advisor to Lockheed Corporation
 * Bernadine Healy, Cleveland Clinic Foundation
 * Charles Krauthammer, Syndicated Columnist
 * William A. Nierenberg
 * Chauncey Starr, President Emeritus, Electric Power Research Institute

Staff
As of December 2009, the staff consisted of:
 * Jeff Kueter, President (Kueter is listed as Treasurer in the 2009 Form 990 filing)
 * Lynn Wallis, Vice President of Operations
 * Mark Herlong, Program Director
 * James Mazol, Research Associate
 * Rachel Schwartz, Koch Foundation Associate

Former staff

 * Matthew B. Crawford (appointed September 2001; departure date unknown)

Fellows
As of December 2009, the Marshall Institute Fellows consisted of:
 * Dr. Eric Loewen, George C. Marshall Institute Fellow
 * Dr. John Sheldon, Visiting Professor, School of Advanced Air and Space Studies, Air University, Maxwell AFB
 * Eric Sterner, George C. Marshall Institute Fellow

Roundtable speakers
As of December 2009, the Marshall Institute Roundtable speakers consisted of:
 * Dr. Bruce N. Ames, Professor of Biochemistry, University of California, Berkeley
 * Steven P. Anderson, Chief Scientist, Horizon Marine Inc.
 * Major General James Armor (Ret. USAF), * Charles S. Baker, Deputy Assistant Administrator for Satellite & Information Services, NOAA
 * Dr. Sallie Baliunas, Astrophysicist
 * Dr. Timothy Ball, Professor of Climatology, University of Winnipeg
 * Robert Balling, Director, Office of Climatology, Arizona State University
 * Roger Bate, Visiting Fellow, AEI; Director, Africa Fighting Malaria
 * Dr. Richard Belzer, President, Regulatory Checkbook
 * Michael Booen, Vice President, Advanced Missile Defense Systems, Raytheon
 * Dr. Peter Bradford, Adjunct Professor, Vermont Law School
 * Tommy Brazie, ITT Space Systems Division
 * Dr. Steven Bucci, Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense, Homeland Defense and America's Security Affairs
 * Richard Buenneke, Senior Policy Analyst, Aerospace Corporation
 * Joe Burns, Managing Director, Flight Standards and Technology
 * Lt. Gen. John Campbell, USAF (ret.), Executive VP for Government Affairs, Iridium Satellite LLC
 * Dr. Gregory Canavan, Scientific Advisor, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory
 * Dr. Michael E. Canes, Senior Research Fellow, Logistics Management Institute
 * David Cavossa, Executive Director, Satellite Industry Association
 * Dean Cheng, CNA Corporation
 * Dr. John R. Christy, Professor, Atmospheric Science and Director, Earth System Science Center, University of Alabama at Huntsville
 * Thomas L. Clancy, Jr., Author
 * Angelo M. Codevilla, Research Director, Institute for Advanced Strategic and Political Studies
 * Dr. Bernard Cohen, Professor Emeritus, Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh
 * Keith Cole, Director, Legislative and Regulatory Affairs, General Motors Company
 * Douglas A. Comstock, Director, NASA's Innovative Partnerships Program
 * Ambassador Henry Cooper, Chairman, High Frontier
 * Dr. Randall Correll, National Security Consultant, Science Applications International Corporation
 * Andrew R. D'Uva, President, Providence Access Company
 * Richard DalBello, Vice President, Government Relations, IntelSat General Corporation
 * Dorothy E. Denning, Professor, Computer Science, Georgetown University
 * Paula DeSutter, Assistant Secretary of State for Verification, Compliance, and Implementation
 * Uyen Dinh, Senior Director for Legislative Affairs, GeoEye, Inc.
 * LTG Larry Dodgen (ret.), Vice President and Deputy General Manager of Missions’ Systems Missile Defense, Northrop Grumman
 * Dr. Everett Dolman, Professor, Comparative Military Studies, U.S. Air Force School of Advanced Air and Space Studies
 * Dr. Jürgen Drescher, Head, Washington Office, DLR - German Aerospace Center
 * Dr. Susan Dudley
 * Lt. General Michael Dunn (ret.), President and CEO, Air Force Association
 * John Foster,
 * Dr. Oliver W. Frauenfeld, Department of Geography, College of Geosciences,Texas A&M University (formerly Research Scientist, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado)
 * Dr. Robert Gallo, Director, Institute of Human Virology and Division of Basic Science, University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute
 * Lori Garver, Vice President, DFI International
 * Richard Garwin, physicist, member of the JASON Defense Advisory Group
 * Representative Phil Gingrey
 * Dr. David Goodstein, Vice Provost, Professor of Physics and Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology
 * Dr. Michael Gough, Author
 * Daniel Gouré, Vice President, Lexington Institute
 * David Graham, Institute for Defense Analyses
 * Dr. William Graham, Former Chairman of General Advisory Committee on Arms Control and Disarmament
 * Dr. George Gray, Executive Director, Harvard Center for Risk Analysis
 * Dr. William M. Gray, Professor of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University
 * Daniel S. Greenberg, Author and journalist
 * Kurt Hackmeier, Corporate Director, Air Force Space Programs, Northrop Grumman
 * Hal Hagemeier, National Security Space Office, Department of Defense
 * R. Cargill Hall, Historian Emeritus, National Reconnaissance Office
 * Dr. Robert Hart, Assistant Professor, Department of Meteorology, Florida State University
 * Glenn Haskins, ALHTK Program Manager, Lockheed Martin
 * Ronald Hatch, Dirctor of Navigation Systems, NavCom Technology
 * Dr. Peter Hays, Senior Policy Analyst, National Security Space Office
 * Steven Hayward, F. K. Weyerhaeuser Fellow, American Enterprise Institute
 * John G. Heidenrich, Senior National Security Analyst, Science Applications International Corporation
 * Dr. David Henderson, Visiting Professor, Westminster Business School
 * Rear Admiral Alan B. Hicks, Commander & Program Director, Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense
 * Dr. Steve Hill, President, Global Analytics, Inc.
 * Theresa Hitchens, Director, Center for Defense Information, World Security Institute
 * Kenneth Hodgkins, Deputy Director, Office of Science and Advanced Technology, Bureau of Oceans, Environment and Science, U.S. Department of State
 * Dr. Martin Hoffert, Professor Emeritus, Physics; Former Chair of Department of Applied Science, New York University
 * Peter Huber, Senior Fellow, Manhattan Institute for Policy Research
 * Peter Huessy, President, GeoStrategic Analysis
 * Tim Hughes, Vice President and Chief Counsel, SpaceX
 * Daniel Hurley, Director, Critical Infrastructure Protection, U.S. Department of Commerce
 * Col. Kirk Hymes, Director, Joint Non-Lethal Weapons Directorate
 * Dr. Greg Hyslop, Vice President and General Manager of Missile Defense Systems, Boeing Company
 * Gerry Jansson, Director, Space Segment Development, INTELSAT General
 * Dana Johnson, Northrop Grumman Analysis Center
 * Dr. Robert Joseph, Under Secretary of State for Arms Control and International Security
 * Dr. David Kay
 * Dr. T. S. Kelso, Senior Research Astrodynamicist, Center for Space Standards and Innovation, Analytical Graphics, Inc.
 * Chris Kemp, Chief Information Officer, NASA Ames Research Center
 * Adam Kieper, Managing Editor, The New Atlantis
 * David Kier, Vice President, Lockheed Martin Corporation
 * Larry Kumins, Vice President for Research and Analysis, The Energy Policy Research Foundation, Inc. (EPRINC)
 * Dr. Marc Landy, Professor of Political Science, Boston College
 * Lee Lane, Resident Fellow, American Enterprise Institute
 * Roger D. Launius, Chair, Division of Space History, National Air and Space Museum
 * Vice Admiral Conrad C. Lautenbacher, Jr. (ret.), Former Undersecretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere (NOAA)
 * Dr. David R. Legates, Associate Professor in Climatology, Center for Climatic Research, University of Delaware
 * James Lewis, Center for Strategic and International Studies
 * Dr. Richard Lindzen, Professor of Meteorology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
 * Dr. Anthony R. Lupo, Associate Professor of Atmospheric Science, University of Missouri - Columbia
 * Lt. Col. Robert Luzzi, Pentagon staff officer
 * Gen. Lester Lyles (ret.), Former Director of the Ballistic Missile Defense Organization, Department of Defense
 * Andrea Maleter, Futron Corporation
 * John C. Mankins, COO, Managed Energy Technologies; President of the Space Power Association
 * Jeffrey Marsh, * Gen. Robert T. Marsh (ret.), Chairman, CAE Electronics, Inc.
 * Mining executive Stephen McIntyre, Policy Analyst
 * Dr. Ross McKitrick, Associate Professor of Economics, University of Guelph, Ontario
 * Col. Robert McMurry, Commander of the Airborne Laser Program Office, Kirtland AFB
 * Philip A. Meek, Associate General Counsel, Office of the Air Force General Council
 * Dr. Patrick J. Michaels, Senior Fellow in Environmental Studies, Cato Institute
 * Dr. Henry I. Miller, Senior Research Fellow, Hoover Institution, Stanford University
 * Mark Mills, Chairman and CTO of ICx Technologies
 * David Montgomery, Vice President, Charles River Associates
 * Ed Morris, Executive Director, Office of Space Commerce, U.S. Department of Commerce.
 * Dr. Karl P. Mueller, Political scientist, RAND Corporation
 * Dr. Edward H. Murphy, Energy and economic consultant
 * Stewart Nozette, Advanced Microsatellite Technology Program, DARPA Tactical Technology Office
 * Dr. James O'Brien, Director, Center for Ocean-Atmospheric Prediction Studies, Florida State University
 * Wayne L. O'Hern, Jr., Technology Strategies and Alliances, Inc.
 * James Oberg, Consultant and author
 * Lt. General Henry Obering III, Director, Missile Defense Agency
 * Dr. Scott Pace, Director, Space Policy Institute; Professor of Practice in International Affairs, George Washington University’s Elliott School of International Affairs
 * William C. Patrick, III, Former Chief of Product Development Division, Agent Development and Engineering Directorate, Ft. Detrick
 * Dr. Aristides Patrinos, President of Synthetic Genomics, Inc.,
 * Gary Payton, Deputy for Advanced Systems, Missile Defense Agency
 * Dr. Robert Pfaltzgraff, President, Institute for Foreign Policy Analysis
 * Dr. Roger A. Pielke, Sr., Senior Research Scientist, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado in Boulder
 * Norman Podhoretz, Senior Fellow, Hudson Institute; Editor at Large, Commentary Magazine
 * Dr. Robert Pollack, Professor of Biological Sciences, Columbia University
 * Eric S. Posmentier, Adjunct faculty, Department of Earth Sciences, Dartmouth College
 * Terry Pudas, Acting Director, Office of Force Transformation
 * John W. "Jay" Raymond, Brigadier General, Commander, 21st Space Wing, Peterson Air Force Base, Colo.
 * Robert Reese, Space Policy Analyst, Office of the Secretary of Defense
 * Fred M. Reiff, Author
 * Richard E. Rowberg, Associate Executive Director for Communications, Division of Engineering and Physical Sciences, National Research Council, National Academies
 * Dr. Charles T. Rubin, Associate Professor of Political Science, Duquesne University
 * Dr. Harvey Rubin, Director for the Institute for Strategic Threat Analysis and Response
 * Dr. Sally Satel, Resident Scholar, American Enterprise Institute
 * Dr. James Schlesinger, Former Secretary of Defense, Secretary of Energy and Director of the Central Intelligence Agency
 * Dr. Frederick Seitz, Chairman Emeritus (GMI); President Emeritus of Rockefeller University
 * Dr. John Sheldon, Visiting Professor, School of Advanced Air and Space Studies, Air University, Maxwell AFB
 * Dr. Willie Soon, Physicist, Solar and Stellar Physics Division, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
 * Dr. Roy Spencer, Principal Research Scientist, University of Alabama at Huntsville
 * H. Baker Spring, Senior Defense Policy Analyst, Heritage Foundation
 * Prasanna Srinivasan, Author
 * George H. Taylor, State Climatologist for Oregon
 * Dr. Margo Thorning, Senior Vice President and Chief Economist, American Council for Capital Formation
 * Dr. Richard Van Atta, Senior Research Analyst at the Institute for Defense Analyses
 * Robert Walker (Wexler-Walker), Chairman, Wexler-Walker Public Policy Associates
 * Edward J. Wall, Program Manager, FreedomCar and Vehicle Technologies, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Department of Energy
 * Michah Walter-Range, Research Analyst, Space Foundation
 * Fred Webber, President and CEO, Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers
 * Jim Williams, Manager, Government and Military Accounts
 * Dr. Lowell Wood, Physicist, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; Visiting Fellow, Hoover Institution, Stanford University
 * Brigadier General Simon P. Worden (Ret.), Policy Analyst (and NASA Ames Research Center Director.
 * Dr. Larry Wortzel, Policy Analyst (former director of the Strategic Studies Institute of the U.S. Army War College and vice president for foreign policy and defense studies at The Heritage Foundation )

Funding
In its 2006 annual return, the Institute states that its total revenue for the year was $969,923 with total expenses of $877,156. Of its program areas, it reported that $308,819 was on global warming work, $43,000 on general energy policy discussion, $148,729 on bio-terrorism, and $110,841 on missile defense system.

The Institute received $ 7,178,803 in 105 separate grants from only five foundations between 1985 and 2006 :


 * Earhart Foundation
 * John M. Olin Foundation, Inc.
 * Lynde and Harry Bradley Foundation
 * Scaife Foundations - Sarah Mellon Scaife and Carthage Foundation's

The George C. Marshall Institute no longer shows an overview of recent funders, but in 2000 they listed:
 * Richard Lounsbery Foundation
 * Sarah Scaife Foundation
 * Lynde and Harry Bradley Foundation
 * American Standard Companies
 * Exxon Education Foundation
 * H.B. Earhart Foundation
 * John M. Olin Foundation
 * Gelman Education Foundation (Charles Gelman)
 * Fieldstead Foundation
 * Historical Research Foundation
 * Charles and Jean Brunie Foundation

Petro-Dollars
Greenpeace's ExxonSecrets lists the George Marshall Institute as having received $715,000 from ExxonMobil since 1998.

This includes:
 * $50,000 from ExxonMobil Foundation in 1999 for "support for science and public policy education programs;
 * $50,000 from ExxonMobil Foundation in 2000 for general support;
 * $60,000 from ExxonMobil Foundation in 2001 for "climate change work";
 * $80,000 from ExxonMobil Foundation in 2001 for "'global climate change program" in 2002; plus a further $10,000 for the Awards Dinner;
 * $95,000 from ExxonMobil Foundation in 2003 for Global Climate Change Program
 * $145,000 ExxonMobil Foundation in 2004 for "climate change" and a further $25,000 from Exxon Corporation for "Awards Dinner -- Climate Change Activities";
 * $90,000 from ExxonMobil Foundation for, according to the Institute's IRS return, "climate change" and a further $25,000 from ExxonMobil Corporate Giving for "Awards Dinner and General Operating Support"; and
 * $85,000 from ExxonMobil Corporate Giving for "General support and annual dinner" in 2006.

Science and Environmental Policy Project (SEPP)
Several people of GMI are also involved in the Science and Environmental Policy Project (SEPP):
 * Bruce N. Ames, Board of Science Advisors
 * Charles Gelman, Board of Directors
 * William A. Nierenberg, Board of Science Advisors
 * Frederick Seitz, Chairman
 * Chauncey Starr, Board of Science Advisors

Environmental Literacy Council (ELC)
The now-defunct Environmental Literacy Council was set up by then-GCMI executive director Jeffrey Salmon and run from offices next to the GCMI. (GMI's 2009 Form 990 reported a "bad debt" loss of $82k, which might have been rent owed by the ELC.)

Contact information
2010: George C. Marshall Institute 1601 North Kent St., Suite 802 Arlington, VA 22209 Phone: 571-970-3180 Fax: 571-970-3192 info AT marshall.org web site: www.marshall.org

Neighbors
The National Hispana Leadership Institute is down the hall at 1601 North Kent St., Suite 803.

Previous contact information
2002-2009: 1625 K Street, NW, Suite 1050 Washington, DC 20006 phone: 202.296.9655 fax: 202.296.9714

?-2002: 1730 K Street NW Suite 905 Washington, DC 20006 Phone: 202-296-9655 Fax: 202-296-9714

In Feb 1994, the address was: '' 1730 M Street NW Suite 502 Washington DC 20036 ...with the same phone and fax #s: Phone: 202-296-9655 Fax: 202-296-9714

Related SourceWatch Articles

 * Environmental Literacy Council
 * Science and Environmental Policy Project