Company police agencies

Company police agencies&mdash;also known as private police agencies and private sector security&mdash;are "a vital part of the criminal justice system," according to the North Carolina Department of Justice: "Company police help patrol and enforce the criminal laws of our state on private and public school property, at county and state hospitals, at shopping centers, apartment complexes and office buildings, and even on golf courses and recreational lakes. These agencies and their respective officers may by law provide the same police services within their territorial jurisdiction as do municipal law enforcement officers in North Carolina." 

Example: San Francisco
Robert W. Poole, Jr., who heads the Libertarian Reason Foundation headquarterd in Los Angeles, California, which "specializes on issues of privatization", in the 1980 book "Cutting Back City Hall" (web), gave "an instructive example of private policing. In San Francisco, 'Stretched across the city's northern section are 62 private police beats, 'owned' by private police officers who are paid by their customers - the businesses, apartment owners and homeowners.' p. 39." 

Publications

 * George Rigakos, "The New Parapolice: Risk Markets and Commodified Social Control," Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2002.
 * Alison Wakefield, "Selling Security: The Private Policing of Public Space," Devon, UK and Portland, Oregon: Willan Publishing, 2003, ISBN 1843920492 (review).
 * Ross McLeod, "Parapolice: A Revolution in the Business of Law Enforcement," Boheme Press, April 2003, ISBN 1894498062 / ISBN 9781894498067.
 * James F. Pastor, "The Privatization of Police in America: An Analysis and Case Study," McFarland & Company, November 2003, ISBN 0786415746 / ISBN 9780786415748.
 * Elizabeth E. Joh, "The Paradox of Private Policing," Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, Vol. 95, No. 1, 2004 (abstract).
 * Elizabeth E. Joh, "The Forgotten Threat: Private Policing and the State," Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies - Volume 13, Issue 2, Summer 2006, pp. 357-389 (Indiana University Press) (abstract).

Related SourceWatch Resources

 * homeland security
 * Hurricane Katrina
 * outsourcing
 * prison-industrial complex
 * Private Military Corporations
 * privatization
 * surveillance-industrial complex

Websites

 * Bulletproof Vest Partnership, U.S. Department of Justice website.
 * Cincinnati Private Police website.

Reports & Guidelines

 * "Using The Private Sector To Deter Crime," National Center for Policy Analysis, 2001.
 * Andrew Morabito and Sheldon Greenberg, "Engaging the Private Sector To Promote Homeland Security: Law Enforcement-Private Security Partnerships," Bureau of Justice Assistance, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice, September 2005.
 * Stephen E. Flynn and Daniel B. Prieto, "Neglected Defense: Mobilizing the Private Sector to Support Homeland Security," Council on Foreign Relations, March 2006.

In North Carolina

 * Programs: "Company Police," North Carolina Department of Justice.
 * FAQ, Metro Special Police & Security Services, North Carolina.

In Virginia

 * Code of Virginia. Laws Relating to The Regulation of Private Security Services Including Special Conservators of the Peace, Sections 9.1-138 through 9.1-150.4 & Section 15.2.1737 and 19.2-13, effective July 1, 2004.

Articles & Commentary

 * Mike Zielinski, "Private Police on the March: Armed and Dangerous," Covert Action Quarterly, Fall 1995.
 * "Privatizing the Long Arm of the Law," Mackinac Center for Public Policy, November 16, 1998.
 * Brian Forst, "The Privatization and Civilianization of Policing," Criminal Justice, Volume 2, 2000.
 * Cindy Stranad, "Cops, Cameras and Codes," Business Leader, September 2002.
 * Roger B. Hitchins, "Government and Private Security: Will they ever form a partnership?" Government Security, May 1, 2003.
 * Joseph Samuels Jr., "Building Partnerships between Private-Sector Security and Public-Sector Police," Police Chief Magazine, September 2003.
 * Pat O’Malley and Steven Hutchinson, "Police Culture and the New Police Corporations," Sec-Net (Canada), August 2005.
 * Josh Martin, "Gov't agencies increasingly outsource security efforts," GSN (Government Security News) Magazine, May 2006.
 * Jose Carvajal, "'Private Police Force' group sets sights on illegal immigrants, plans to make citizen's arrests," North Country Times (Calif.), August 9, 2006.
 * Matthew T. Hall, "2008 ballot measure would ban fire, police outsourcing," San Diego Union-Tribune, October 10, 2006.
 * Paul Krugman, "Outsourcer in Chief," New York Times (GuerillaWomenTN Blogspot), December 10, 2006; also posted by jurassicpork at Welcome to Pottersville Blog.
 * Amy Goldstein, "The Private Arm of the Law. Some Question the Granting of Police Power to Security Firms," Washington Post, January 2, 2007.