Chlorpyrifos

Chlorpyrifos, first used as a nerve gas in World War II, has most recently been used as an indoor and outdoor pesticide manufactured and sold by Dow Chemical.

Banned for Home Use
In 1963, Dow AgroSciences began manufacturing chlorpyrifos under the name Dursban, a product mainly used as a means of controlling cockroach populations in homes. Dursban was banned by the EPA in 2000, citing it as a neurological toxin that was unsafe to children's health. It was the third organophosphate that the EPA banned from consumer use.

Restricted Use on Agricultural Crops
The chemical was only banned from over-the-counter products; farmers still have access to the pesticide for their crops, and it is commonly sprayed on corn, oranges, grapes, almonds and other crops. In July 2012, the EPA announced new restrictions on the use of chlorpyrifos as a result of legal action by a coalition of environmental groups including Pesticide Action Network North America (PANNA) and the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC). According to PANNA, the new restrictions include:


 * "Reduced pesticide applications — the agency negotiated an agreement with industry to reduce the maximum amount of pesticide that can be applied per acre for aerial applications from 6 pounds/acre to 2 pounds/acre.
 * "Larger buffer zones — the new protections include no-spray buffer zones near sensitive sites, from 10 feet up to a maximum of 100 feet.
 * "Better protection areas for the most sensitive — the new protection areas include places children live and play, whether they are present at the time of application or not. However, the new protections do not include any consideration of farmworkers working in adjacent fields."

But they do not address volatilization drift -- "the evaporation of the pesticide after application."

Adverse Health Effects
The agricultural product, labeled Lorsban by Dow, is just as toxic and is having adverse health effects on farmers and their children around the world.

A 2012 Columbia University study published in Neurotoxicology and Teratology found that boys who are exposed to chlorpyrifos in the womb experience a greater detriment in "working memory" than girls who are exposed prenatally. “There’s mounting evidence now from epidemiological studies that prenatal exposure to organophosphate pesticides, and chlorpyrifos in particular, may be associated with detriments with IQ in children,” said Kim Harley, an environmental epidemiologist with the University of California, Berkeley. According to Environmental Health News:


 * "Previous research has shown that low to moderate exposure to chlorpyrifos during pregnancy can lead to irreversible changes in a child’s brain. According to a 2012 study of the New York City children, magnetic resonance imaging of 40 children, from about 6 to 11 years old, found that those with high exposures had more abnormalities in regions of the brain associated with memory. They also were significantly more likely than children exposed to low levels to experience attention problems and delays in cognitive and motor skills. "

Because pesticide use is not legally required to be reported, chlorpyrifos is used without being federally monitored.

In an effort to prove that their chemical does not have the extreme impacts on children, Dow has performed unethical tests and hidden the results from consumers, according to the Attorney General of New York. According to Dow, the EPA's report that 92% of children and 82% of adults showed traces of the chemical has a "tremendous number of errors and omissions". In 2003, Dow was sued by the Attorney General of New York, resulting in payments of $2 million dollars for advertising their product as safe, 8 years after a $732,000 fine for failing to report results of toxicity studies of their products to the EPA. They have also done human testing on 60 paid people in Lincoln, Nebraska in 1998, paying them to swallow the tablets covered in chlorpyrifos.

Other Health Effects

 * blurred vision
 * fatigue
 * muscle weakness
 * memory loss
 * carcinogenicity
 * reproductive/developmental problems
 * birth defects

SourceWatch articles

 * Animal testing
 * "Big 6" Biotech Corporations
 * Chemical industry
 * Dow Corning
 * Precautionary principle
 * Responsible Care - The chemical industry's sham "self-regulation" effort. Chemical accidents actually increased in number after the initiation of this program designed to help the Chemical industry avoid government regulation.

External resources

 * Chlorpyrifos Information by the Pesticide Action Network of North America (PANNA)
 * The Truth About Dow
 * Dow Chemical Consumer Campaign by Beyond Pesticides
 * The Dow Chemical Company's Website - the latest company written news, PR and information about all of Dows various products and subsidiaries
 * Dow History as written by Dow
 * Dow Chemical Corporate News & Information

Books

 * Jack Doyle Tresspass Against Us: Dow Chemical and the Toxic Century, Common Courage Press, April 1, 2004, ISBN 978-1567512687