Talk:Clean Development Mechanism and HFC-23 destruction

Links I Found
Just putting these up so that I can find them tomorrow!

http://cdm.unfccc.int/Projects/DB/JQA1094478108.13/view

http://w3.nexis.com:80/new/results/docview/docview.do?docLinkInd=true&risb=21_T4722048196&format=GNBFI&sort=RELEVANCE&startDocNo=1&resultsUrlKey=29_T4722048199&cisb=22_T4722048198&treeMax=true&treeWidth=0&csi=162367&docNo=1

Kiko Forum Submission: http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2006/smsn/ngo/020.pdf

Global Environment Facility: http://www.gefweb.org/

Worth a read
Vanessa and/or Bob, you might want to look at this article:


 * Zeke Hausfather, "Kyoto Accord Compliance Markets: Can Emission Trading Offsets Work?" Yale Forum on Climate Change and the Media, August 7, 2008.

Here's the HCFC-relevant part:
 * ... In the early years of the CDM, projects focused primarily on industrial gases with high global warming potential (GWP) such as hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs). These projects represented the proverbial "low-hanging fruit," where enormous amounts of CERs could be generated from relatively modest investments. It was relatively simple for companies undertaking HFC incineration projects to prove that their projects would not have been viable in the absence of CER revenue (and therefore met the additionality criterion), as the only revenue stream of the project was CER sales.


 * Over the past two years, however, with most industrial gas projects exhausted, the market has shifted toward energy efficiency and renewable energy projects. ...

Diane Farsetta 13:15, 24 September 2008 (EDT)

Park link

 * http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/gp/bgp/3_8_HFC-23_HCFC-22_Production.pdf
 * http://content.icicidirect.com/PickofWeek.asp?id=297

Vanessa Wishart 17:47, 19 September 2008 (EDT)

Quick question: Is it HCFC-23 or HFC-23?

Vanessa Wishart 18:25, 18 September 2008 (EDT)

I started writing this background information to be just a short intro into HCFCs, but it got a lot longer than planned (mostly because I was finding the refresher on exactly what these compounds do very helpful). I think, therefore, that it would be better to put it on its own page with a link into this one. It can then be used as background information for those interested. I'm going to finish this background information up tomorrow and then start in on the real emphasis of this page. I think after having reviewed this stuff, I'm a little more prepared to jump into the CDM issues.


 * Thanks Vanessa. I've created a HCFC22 page and posted the material there.--Bob Burton 22:25, 18 September 2008 (EDT)

CMP Decisions
http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2005/cmp1/eng/08a01.pdf#page=6 page 45 30 November 2005

6. Other project activities that could qualify include CO2 recycling, carbon electrodes, adipic acid production and the use of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs) and sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) making reference to the emission reductions generated by such projects expressed in CO2 equivalent. In order for these to be calculated in a consistent and transparent manner, appropriate baseline methodologies need to be developed.

http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/cop10/10a02.pdf#page=2 Decision 12/CP.10 Guidance relating to the clean development mechanism 17–18 December 2004

Requests the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice, in collaboration with the Executive Board, to develop a recommendation to the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol at its first session relating to implications of the implementation of clean development mechanism project activities for the achievement of objectives of other environmental conventions and protocols, in particular the Montreal Protocol, and which imply the establishment of new hydrochlorofluorocarbon 22 facilities which seek to obtain certified emissions reductions for the destruction of hydrofluorocarbon 23, taking into account the principles established in Article 3, paragraph 1, and the definitions in Article 1, paragraph 5, of the Convention;

http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/cop7/13a02.pdf#page=20 10 November 2001 Decision 17/CP.7

Modalities and procedures for a clean development mechanism as defined in Article 12 of the Kyoto Protocol The Conference of the Parties,

Recalling Article 12 of the Kyoto Protocol which provides that the purpose of the clean development mechanism shall be to assist Parties not included in Annex I to the Convention in achieving sustainable development and in contributing to the ultimate objective of the Convention, and to assist Parties included in Annex I in achieving compliance with their quantified emission limitation and reduction commitments under Article 3 of the Kyoto Protocol,

Recalling also its decision 5/CP.6 containing the Bonn Agreements on the implementation of the Buenos Aires Plan of Action,

Aware of its decisions 2/CP.7, 11/CP.7, 15/CP.7, 16/CP.7, 18/CP.7, 19/CP.7, 20/CP.7, 21/CP.7, 22/CP.7, 23/CP.7, 24/CP.7 and 38/CP.7,

Affirming that it is the host Party’s prerogative to confirm whether a clean development mechanism project activity assists it in achieving sustainable development,

Recognizing that Parties included in Annex I are to refrain from using certified emission reductions generated from nuclear facilities to meet their commitments under Article 3, paragraph 1,

Bearing in mind the need to promote equitable geographic distribution of clean development mechanism project activities at regional and subregional levels,

Emphasizing that public funding for clean development mechanism projects from Parties in Annex I is not to result in the diversion of official development assistance and is to be separate from and not counted towards the financial obligations of Parties included in Annex I,

Further emphasizing that clean development mechanism project activities should lead to the transfer of environmentally safe and sound technology and know-how in addition to that required under Article 4, paragraph 5, of the Convention and Article 10 of the Kyoto Protocol,

Recognizing the need for guidance for project participants and designated operational entities, in particular for establishing reliable, transparent and conservative baselines, to assess whether clean development mechanism project activities are in accordance with the additionality criterion in Article 12, paragraph 5(c), of the Kyoto Protocol,

1. Decides to facilitate a prompt start for a clean development mechanism by adopting the modalities and procedures contained in the annex below;

2. Decides that, for the purposes of the present decision, the Conference of the Parties shall assume the responsibilities of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol as set out in the annex below on modalities and procedures;

3. Invites nominations for membership in the executive board:

(a) For facilitating the prompt start of the clean development mechanism, from Parties to the Convention to be submitted to the President of the Conference of the Parties at its present session, with a view to the Conference of the Parties electing the members of the executive board at that session;

(b) Upon the entry into force of the Kyoto Protocol, to replace any member of the executive board of the clean development mechanism whose country has not ratified or acceded to the Kyoto Protocol. Such new members shall be nominated by the same constituencies and elected at the first session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol;

4. Decides that, prior to the first session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol, the executive board and any designated operational entities shall operate in the same manner as the executive board and designated operational entities of the clean development mechanism as set out in the annex below;

5. Decides that the executive board shall convene its first meeting immediately upon the election of its members;

6. Decides that the executive board shall include in its work plan until the eighth session of the Conference of the Parties, inter alia, the following tasks:

(a) To develop and agree on its rules of procedure and recommend them to the Conference of the Parties for adoption, applying draft rules until then;

(b) To accredit operational entities and designate them, on a provisional basis, pending the designation by the Conference of the Parties at its eighth session;

(c) To develop and recommend to the Conference of the Parties, at its eighth session, simplified modalities and procedures for the following small-scale clean development mechanism project activities:

(i) Renewable energy project activities with a maximum output capacity equivalent of up to 15 megawatts (or an appropriate equivalent);

(ii) Energy efficiency improvement project activities which reduce energy consumption, on the supply and/or demand side, by up to the equivalent of 15 gigawatt/hours per year;

(iii) Other project activities that both reduce anthropogenic emissions by sources and directly emit less than 15 kilotonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent annually;

(d) To prepare recommendations on any relevant matter, including on Appendix C to the annex below, for consideration by the Conference of the Parties at its eighth session;

(e) To identify modalities for seeking collaboration with the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice on methodological and scientific issues;

7. Decides:

(a) That the eligibility of land use, land-use change and forestry project activities under the clean development mechanism is limited to afforestation and reforestation;

(b) That for the first commitment period, the total of additions to a Party’s assigned amount resulting from eligible land use, land-use change and forestry project activities under the clean development mechanism shall not exceed one per cent of base year emissions of that Party, times five;

(c) That the treatment of land use, land-use change and forestry project activities under the clean development mechanism in future commitment periods shall be decided as part of the negotiations on the second commitment period;

8. Requests the secretariat to organize a workshop before the sixteenth session of the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice with the aim of recommending terms of reference and an agenda for the work to be conducted under paragraph 10(b) below on the basis of, inter alia, submissions by Parties referred to in paragraph 9 below;

9. Invites Parties to provide submissions to the secretariat by 1 February 2002 on the organization of the workshop referred to in paragraph 8 above, and to express their views on the terms of reference and the agenda for the work to be conducted under paragraph 10(b) below;

10. Requests the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice:

(a) To develop at its sixteenth session terms of reference and an agenda for the work to be conducted under subparagraph (b) below, taking into consideration, inter alia, the outcome of the workshop mentioned in paragraph 8 above;

(b) To develop definitions and modalities for including afforestation and reforestation project activities under the clean development mechanism in the first commitment period, taking into account the issues of non-permanence, additionality, leakage, uncertainties and socio-economic and environmental impacts, including impacts on biodiversity and natural ecosystems, and being guided by the principles in the preamble to decision -/CMP.1 (Land use, land-use change and forestry) and the terms of reference referred to in subparagraph (a) above, with the aim of adopting a decision on these definitions and modalities at the ninth session of the Conference of the Parties, to be forwarded to the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol at its first session;

11. Decides that the decision by the Conference of the Parties at its ninth session, on definitions and modalities for inclusion of afforestation and reforestation project activities under the clean development mechanism, for the first commitment period, referred to in paragraph 10 (b) above, shall be in the form of an annex on modalities and procedures for afforestation and reforestation project activities for a clean development mechanism reflecting, mutatis mutandis, the annex to the present decision on modalities and procedures for a clean development mechanism;

12. Decides that certified emission reductions shall only be issued for a crediting period starting after the date of registration of a clean development mechanism project activity;

13. Further decides that a project activity starting as of the year 2000, and prior to the adoption of this decision, shall be eligible for validation and registration as a clean development mechanism project activity if submitted for registration before 31 December 2005. If registered, the crediting period for such project activities may start prior to the date of its registration but not earlier than 1 January 2000;

14. Requests Parties included in Annex I to start implementing measures to assist Parties not included in Annex I, in particular the least developed and small island developing States among them, with building capacity in order to facilitate their participation in the clean development mechanism, taking into account relevant decisions by the Conference of the Parties on capacity-building and on the financial mechanism of the Convention;

15. Decides: (a) That the share of proceeds to assist developing country Parties that are particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change to meet the costs of adaptation, as referred to in Article 12, paragraph 8, of the Kyoto Protocol, shall be two per cent of the certified emission reductions issued for a clean development mechanism project activity; (b) That clean development mechanism project activities in least developed country Parties shall be exempt from the share of proceeds to assist with the costs of adaptation;

16. Decides that the level of the share of proceeds to cover administrative expenses of the clean development mechanism shall be determined by the Conference of the Parties upon the recommendation of the executive board;

17. Invites Parties to finance the administrative expenses for operating the clean development mechanism by making contributions to the UNFCCC Trust Fund for Supplementary Activities. Such contributions shall be reimbursed, if requested, in accordance with procedures and a timetable to be determined by the Conference of the Parties upon the recommendation of the executive board. Until the Conference of the Parties determines a percentage for the share of proceeds for the administrative expenses, the executive board shall charge a fee to recover any project related expenses;

18. Requests the secretariat to perform any functions assigned to it in the present decision and in the annex below;

19. Decides to assess progress made regarding the clean development mechanism and to take appropriate action, as necessary. Any revision of the decision shall not affect clean development mechanism project activities already registered;

20. Recommends that the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol, at its first session, adopt the draft decision below.

8th plenary meeting 10 November 2001 -- http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2005/cmp1/eng/08a01.pdf#page=100 1. December 2005

Page 100 Decision 8/CMP.1

Implications of the establishment of new hydrochlorofluorocarbon-22 (HCFC-22) facilities seeking to obtain certified emission reductions for the destruction of hydrofluorocarbon-23 (HFC-23)

The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol,

Recalling decisions 17/CP.7 and 12/CP.10 and their respective annexes, Cognizant of decisions 3/CMP.1 and 4/CMP.1, and their respective annexes, Aware that hydrochlorofluorocarbon-22 (HCFC-22) used as feedstock in the manufacture of other chemicals is not controlled under the Montreal Protocol,

1. Decides that, for the purpose of project activities under the clean development mechanism, the following definitions shall apply with respect to “new HCFC-22 facilities”:

(a) For facilities that have an operating history of at least three years between the beginning of 2000 and the end of 2004, “new HCFC-22 facilities” refers to the increased production of HCFC-22 above the maximum historical annual production level – including chlorofluorocarbons production in swing plants, adjusted appropriately to account for the different production rates of HCFC-22 and chlorofluorocarbons – during any of the last three years of operation between the beginning of 2000 and the end of 2004;

(b) For facilities that do not have an operating history of at least three years between the beginning of 2000 and the end of 2004, “new HCFC-22 facilities” refers to the total production of HCFC-22 at the facility;

2. Recognizes that issuing certified emission reductions for hydrofluorocarbon-23 (HFC-23) destruction at new HCFC-22 facilities could lead to higher global production of HCFC-22 and/or HFC-23 than would otherwise occur and that the clean development mechanism should not lead to such increases;

3. Further recognizes that the destruction of HFC-23 is an important measure to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions;

4. Encourages Parties included in Annex I to the Convention and multilateral financial institutions to provide funding from sources other than the clean development mechanism for the destruction of HFC-23 in Parties not included in Annex I to the Convention;

5. Requests the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice to continue deliberating on implications of the new HCFC-22 facilities seeking to obtain certified emission reductions for the destruction of HFC-23, and means to address such implications, with a view to preparing a draft recommendation with guidance to the Executive Board of the clean development mechanism for adoption by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol at its second session.

9th plenary meeting 9–10 December 2005 - - - - -